Latanoprost: Uses, Dosage & Side Effects

Latanoprost is a selective prostaglandin F (FP) receptor agonist that increases uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor, thereby reducing intraocular pressure (IOP). It is a first-line agent for glaucoma management.

• Open-angle glaucoma (first-line)
• Ocular hypertension
• Elevated intraocular pressure requiring medical management
• Angle-closure glaucoma (in combination with other agents)

Standard Dosing:

• 1 drop in the affected eye(s) once daily in the evening
• Optimal time: 8 PM (or consistent evening time)
• Do not exceed once daily dosing (paradoxical IOP elevation with more frequent dosing)
• Remove contact lenses before instillation; may reinsert 15 minutes later
• Separate other ophthalmic medications by at least 5 minutes

Missed Dose:

• Apply missed dose as soon as remembered, unless nearly time for next dose
• Do not double-dose

Ocular: Conjunctival hyperemia (most common, 25-50%), iris color change (increased brown pigmentation in green/blue eyes), eyelash growth/darkening, ocular irritation, foreign body sensation, dry eye, photophobia Systemic (rare with ophthalmic use): Increased systemic blood pressure, angina, myocardial infarction (very rare)

• Hypersensitivity to latanoprost or components
• Angle-closure glaucoma (unless pilocarpine co-prescribed)
• Aphakic eyes or pseudophakic eyes with torn posterior lens capsule (cystoid macular edema risk)
• Active intraocular inflammation (uveitis)
• Macular edema risk (use with caution)

• Bimatoprost, travoprost, timolol: potential additive IOP-lowering effects (often used in combination)
• Prostaglandins: potential antagonism; avoid combination
• NSAIDs: may reduce efficacy of latanoprost (conflicting evidence)

Multiple RCTs (OHTS, EGPS) demonstrate latanoprost as effective first-line agent, reducing IOP by 25-35%. Iris color darkening reversible with discontinuation if no brown pigment deposition occurs. Safety profile excellent with minimal systemic absorption.

• Baseline assessment before initiating therapy
• Regular clinical follow-up per indication
• Laboratory parameters as specified in sections above
• Drug interaction screening at each visit

Dosing adjustments may be necessary in:

• Renal impairment
• Hepatic impairment
• Elderly patients
• Pregnancy and lactation
• Pediatric patients

• Take exactly as directed; do not modify dose without consulting healthcare provider
• Report any unusual symptoms or adverse effects
• Maintain regular follow-up appointments
• Store at room temperature away from moisture and light
• Keep out of reach of children

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or modifying any medication.